Minor Surveying Instruments

Hello!

There are some instruments used for the rough surveys, they are not used for the precise surveys.

 These are following.

•  Hand Level:

It is compact instrument used for locating contours, taking cross sections in reconnaissance surveys.

• Clinometer:

It is a light compact instrument used for measuring vertical angles, finding out slope of the ground and for locating points on a given grade. There are three commonly used forms of clinometers:

 (i) Abney's level

(ii) Tangent Clinometer

 (iii) Ceylon Ghat Tracer

• Box Sextant: 

It is a reflecting instrument capable of measuring up to 120 degrees with an accuracy of one minute. It is one of the most precise hand instrument.

• Pantagraph: It is used to reduce or enlarge the given figure.

• Planimeter: It is used to measure the area of the given figure.

References and Books: 

      

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