Monday, December 30, 2013

Surveying notes for GATE, PSUs - Part 5

Hello there,
How have you been? Here is 5th part of one liners for the preparation of the GATE and PSUs.
  • Error due to curvature and refraction can be neutralized by setting the level midway between the two stations.
  • Height of instrument method of levelling is quicker and less tedious for large numbers of intermediate sights.
  • The rise and fall method provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels.
  • If the staff is not held vertical at a levelling station, the reduced level calculated from the observation would be less than true R.L.
  • The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that a level line is a curved line while horizontal line is a straight line.
  • The sensitivity of a bubble tube can be increase by increasing the diameter of the bubble tube.
  • With the rise in temperature sensitivity of a bubble tube decreases, because with rise in temperature the liquid expands and bubble gets smaller.
  • Refraction correction partially eliminates the curvature correction.
  • As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectively "-" and "+".
  • The correction for refraction as applied to staff reading is +1/7[d^2/(2R)].
  • Sensitivity of a bubble tube is designated by radius of level tube.
Thanks for visit!


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